Case-law

A bank that wishes to obtain a receivership against its clients in order to recover an overdraft resulting from an unsuccessful margin call and a liquidation of positions must make its claim plausible by means of detailed explanations and documents. Failing this, the judge must refuse - or revoke - the receivership (Federal Court ruling 5A_515/2023 of 23 February 2024). The dispute that gave rise to this judgment arose from a lombard loan granted by a Zurich bank to two[...]

The right of access under the DPA is abused when a person invokes it against a family office to obtain information concerning a trust and the financial situation of his father (ACJC/1610/2023). A very wealthy Italian businessman has a family office in Geneva, which performs various services for his daughter. Payments to her were made from the father's account. The father tells the family office that his daughter has a budget limit of EUR 100,000 per month. The daughter receives[...]

According to a popular German expression, "Totgesagte leben länger. Despite their oft-heralded demise, retrocessions continue to enrich the civil case law of the Federal Supreme Court. However, practitioners are still waiting for the Federal Supreme Court to take a definitive stance on whether retrocessions in execution-only relationships should be subject to restitution. Unfortunately, these hopes were dashed in the ruling presented here (TF 4A_496/2023 of 27 February 2024): "Damit braucht auf die umstrittene Frage, ob grundsätzlich auch im Execution only-Verhältnis[...]

In a ruling 1C_543/2023 of 7 March 2024, which is intended for publication, the Federal Supreme Court (FSC) confirms its case law concerning the suspension of mutual assistance and the maintenance of sequestration of funds seized in Switzerland in execution of a request submitted by Russia prior to the aggression in Ukraine. It extended the suspension to a sequestration that had already lasted eight years and ruled out the possibility of invoking Article 2 EIMP. The Federal Criminal Court (FCT)[...]

In a ruling 7B_135/2022, the Swiss Federal Supreme Court details the conditions under which commissions resulting from contracts tainted by an offence of unfair competition may be subject to confiscatory measures (art. 70 and 71 of the Swiss Criminal Code). A Swiss public limited company active in private equity proposed, on behalf of a foreign entity, the purchase of shares in a German company operating in the medical sector. The search for new investors generally began with "cold" telephone calls.[...]

In a ruling dated 16 January 2024 (B_4185/2020), the Federal Administrative Court (FAT) upheld a FINMA decision of 19 June 2020 finding that a Swiss company and one of its directors had, as a group, engaged in unlawful securities trading, in the absence of authorisation, as an issuing house that had offered securities in the form of investment tokens to the public on a professional basis. As part of an initial coin offering (ICO) with a foreign issuer, the Swiss[...]

Do a fund manager's own plans and intentions constitute insider information if he engages in front running? This is the question that the Criminal Affairs Court of the Federal Criminal Court is answering in a case involving a former manager of second-pillar pension funds for employees of the canton of St. Gallen. In July 2022, the Office of the Attorney General of Switzerland (OAG) filed an indictment against a former employee of the Finance Department of the Canton of St.[...]

Employers are not obliged to implement the minimum guarantees of criminal procedure in the context of internal investigations, according to ruling 4A_368/2023 of 19 January 2024. An employee had worked for a bank since 2010. In August 2018, a colleague reported the employee internally for sexual harassment, which led to the opening of an internal investigation. Following the investigation report, the Bank terminated the employment contract. The employee contested his dismissal on the grounds that it was unfair. The Zurich[...]

Even if the company carrying out the credit scoring is not the company that ultimately decides whether to grant a loan, it takes an automated individual decision and must therefore inform the data subject (CJEU ruling of December 7, 2023 in case C-634/21, SCHUFA Holding AG). Following the refusal of a loan by a bank, a German national requested various items of information from SCHUFA, the leading German company for credit checks. The refusal of the loan was justified on[...]

The Swiss Federal Supreme Court has handed down its ruling (TF 4A_601/2021 of September 8, 2022) in a case followed with some trepidation by practitioners, but without providing a federal jurisprudential answer to the question of whether retrocessions received in the context of an execution-only relationship are subject (or not) to the duty of restitution. The suspense was at its height, as the Federal Supreme Court had the opportunity to consider, for the first time to our knowledge, the scope[...]

The end of the summer saw the publication of two Federal Supreme Court rulings concerning civil claims by adhesion to criminal proceedings (6B_1310/2021, summarized in Lawinside.ch/1231 and 4A_417/2021, commented in Lawinside.ch/1232). This case law is of practical importance in banking disputes, where the question regularly arises as to which procedure customers should initiate to assert their civil claims against a bank and its employees. The Court of Criminal Law first ruled that the notion of "civil claims" in art. 122[...]

On the one hand, the head of the US desk who encourages his employee, a senior manager, to prospect for US customers, despite internal rules to the contrary. On the other hand, this executive, who is trained and informed of the risks associated with US persons, continues to travel to the USA to meet potential customers. Following an investigation that lasted almost four years, involving thousands of allegations and the hearing of almost forty witnesses, the Swiss Federal Court weighed[...]

The Swiss Federal Supreme Court recently clarified the application of the rules on the disclosure of holdings in collective investment schemes (art. 120 ff. LIMF) in a ruling 2C_546/2020 of August 18, 2022, intended for publication. In particular, it held that the parent company of a group composed of collective investment schemes must disclose the latter's holdings on a consolidated basis. At issue in this case were two foreign-based financial services companies. The first (the controlled company), based in the[...]

Can the injured party of a money laundering act committed by a foreign debtor apply for LP sequestration of assets located in Switzerland? In its published decision 5A_709/2018, the Swiss Federal Supreme Court examines the condition of a sufficient link between the claim and Switzerland as a condition for the admissibility of a sequestration under art. 271 para. 1 no. 4 LP. In criminal proceedings in Italy, Marc is accused of breach of trust (appropriazione indebita) for embezzling over EUR[...]

Does the Federal Tax Administration (FTA) have a duty to inform persons who are involved, but not directly targeted, in a request for international administrative assistance ("third parties")? Reading this question may give you a feeling of "déjà vu". And rightly so. The FTA's duty to inform third parties has already been the subject of several decisions, commented on on this site (cf. in particular. ATF 143 II 506 commented in cdbf.ch/982/ and 2C_310/2020 commented in cdbf.ch/1169/). With ruling 2C_825/2019,[...]

In a ruling 5A_13/2022, the Swiss Federal Supreme Court examines whether the beneficiary of claims asserted - in the context of a bank bankruptcy - could or should have recognized the bank's fraudulent intent under art. 288 LP. Anne is a client of Banque Privée Espírito Santo (Suisse) SA, based in the canton of Vaud. This establishment is part of the Espírito Santo group, of which Anne's family is a founding member. In the course of 2014, one of the[...]

In 2012, art. 8 of the Data Protection Act (DPA), which allows access to personal data, was seen as a potential "new weapon" for customers wishing to obtain information from their bank (Fischer in cdbf.ch/821/). In 2020 and 2021, the Federal Court expressly limited this right of access. In the decision commented on here, the Geneva Court of Justice confirms the limits of art. 8 of the DPA, as a customer attempted to use it to gain access to various[...]

In a ruling handed down on April 21, 2022 (4A_412/2021), the Swiss Federal Supreme Court has upheld a decision handed down by the Cantonal Court of the Canton of Vaud, which dismissed a customer's claim against a bank concerning highly leveraged forex transactions (1:100) that caused losses following the abandonment of the CHF/EUR floor rate on January 15, 2015. The dispute focuses on the following four main points. I. Qualification of the contractual relationship The customer complains that the bank[...]

In a ruling 4A_525/2021 intended for publication, the Swiss Federal Supreme Court clarifies the scope of res judicata of a first judgment in the context of a second lawsuit concerning a partial action for damages brought by a customer against her bank. Following turbulence on the financial markets in 2018, the foreign currency positions held by a company with a Swiss bank experienced significant fluctuations in value, resulting in insufficient account coverage. On August 10, 2018, the bank sends a[...]

In a ruling 6B_45/2021 of April 27, 2022, the Swiss Federal Supreme Court confirms the conviction (in absentia) of a former bank employee - whom we shall refer to as Albert - for economic intelligence services (Art. 273 StGB) and money laundering (Art. 305bis StGB). In short, Albert was accused of having, between 2005 and 2012, collected and stolen customer data before selling it to the German authorities in summer 2012. Then, in August 2012, he opened an account in[...]